Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2023,19, 91–99, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.9
from the stereochemistry of the standard Appel mechanism due to participation of the Δ5 π-electrons. In contrast, the subsequent azidolysis (NaN3/DMF) of 3β-bromocholest-5-ene proceeds predominantly by Waldeninversion (SN2) affording 3α-azidocholest-5-ene. The structures of all relevant products were
–517.
Keywords: Appel reaction; azidolysis; cholesterol; crystal structure; Waldeninversion; Introduction
3β-Hydroxycholest-5-ene (cholesterol) is a structural and physiologic amphipathic steroid in human and animals as well. Cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane, where it
configuration at C3 (Waldeninversion). Consequently, the newly introduced substituent is located on the α-face of the steroid. Interestingly, this result contrasts the one observed when 3β-mesylcholest-5-ene is treated with TMSN3/BF3·OEt2 [12]. There, the process proceeds by retention of configuration locating
PDF
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
Chemical structure of three isomeric cholesterols.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2014,10, 1765–1774, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.184
approach of CN− to 4 concomitantly take place with a Waldeninversion. The transition state TS4/8 was successfully located; see Figure 1. However, this pathway needs a large energy barrier of 58.8 = [+51.3 − (−7.5)] kcal/mol, indicating that it is difficult to occur.
Starting from the ion-pair intermediate
PDF
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1:
The general form of the Strecker reaction. The reaction (b) is taken from [2].